Harvard
Men who exercised regularly, drank moderately, did not smoke, who were not overweight and had a diet that included cereal and fruits and vegetables had a lower lifetime risk of heart failure, according to a study in the July 22/29 issue of JAMA.
SUMMARY: Most researchers surveyed report that they do not yet deposit their papers in their Institutional Repositories (IRs), but if deposit were mandated by their institutions or funders, 95% of them say they would deposit, 14% of them reluctantly, 81% willingly. Outcome studies have confirmed that researchers actually do as they say when surveyed: Within about two years an IR with a deposit mandate is well on the way to filling. Of the 777 IRs registered in ROAR the overwhelming majority are very far from full, because so far only about 10% of them (53 institutions and departments and 40 funders) have adopted a deposit mandate.. The mere existence of IRs is not enough to fill them. Deposit mandates successfully fill them. IR usage stats and Open Access Impact Advantage are the evidence that full IRs are heavily used.
BOSTON -- Following the disbandment of the STEP trial to test the efficacy of the Merck HIV-1 vaccine candidate in 2007, the leading explanation for why the vaccine was ineffective -- and may have even increased susceptibility to acquiring the virus -- centered on the hypothesis that high levels of baseline Ad5-specific neutralizing antibodies may have increased HIV-1 acquisition among the s
RICHMOND, Va. (July 20, 2009) -- Two genes may contribute to chemotherapy resistance in drugs like 5-fluorouracil, which is used in liver cancer treatment, according to Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center researchers.
New research shows babies have a handle on the meaning of different dog barks -- despite little or no previous exposure to dogs.
Infants just 6 months old can match the sounds of an angry snarl and a friendly yap to photos of dogs displaying threatening and welcoming body language.
Early initiation of lifesaving antiretroviral therapies should be the standard of care for all HIV-infected patients, even those in countries with limited medical and financial resources, according to a study led by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
What's in a Word? To "Legislate" and/or to "Legitimize":
SUMMARY: Harvard's Stuart Shieber is right in his reflections on the word "mandate," which is only useful if it helps get a deposit policy adopted and complied with, but...
SUMMARY: The target content of the global Open Access (OA) movement is the 2.5 million articles published yearly in the planet's 25,000 peer-reviewed journals. The natural and optimal locus to deposit these articles to make them OA is the author's institutional repository. That way deposit mandates from both institutions and research funders collaborate and converge, covering all research output. Unmandated central repositories are no more successful in getting themselves filled with their target content than unmandated institutional repositories. The critical variable is the mandate, not the repository's centrality or size. The denominator -- the total target content relative to which we are trying to calculate, for a given repository, what proportion of it is being deposited -- is far bigger for a central disciplinary repository than for an institutional repository.
(1) Repository size and "infrastructure" do not generate content.
(2) Empty repositories are useless.
(3) The only way to fill them is to mandate deposit.
(4) Not all or most research is funded.
(5) But all research originates from institutions.
(6) Institutions' interests are served by hosting and managing their own research assets.
(7) Hence both institutional and funder mandates should converge on institutional deposit.
(8) Any central collections can then be harvested from the global distributed of institutional repositories.
SUMMARY: (See also Letters, July 17.) Evans & Reimer (E & R) (Open Access and Global Participation in Science Science 20 February 2009) show that there is an 8-20% increase in citations for articles that provide delayed (embargoed) open access (OA) (free online access). This OA citation advantage would undoubtedly be even greater if the OA were provided immediately upon publication, rather than a year or more thereafter. E & R also examine only publisher-provided OA journals ("Gold OA"), and not at author-provided OA to their own self-archived journal articles ("Green OA"). That too would raise the OA advantage. E & R also found that a large component of the extra citation impact for their sample came from the "have-nots" in the Developing World -- the researchers whose institutions could not afford subscription access. But the Developed World has plenty of have-not institutions too; and even Harvard cannot afford to subscribe to all journals in which there are articles Harvard researchers need. So it is virtually certain that a careful analysis in terms of institutional subscription budget size would reveal that the citation advantage comes also from the have-nots in the Developed World too.
BOSTON, Mass. (July 16, 2009) -- There she is again: the cute girl at the mall. Big eyes. Long legs. She smiles at you. You're about to make your move? but wait! What's she wearing? It's a letterman jacket, one clearly belonging to a hulking football player named "Steve." This girl is taken. Wisely, you move on.
(Boston) -- Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) have shown that disclosing genetic risk information to adult children of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) who request this information does not result in significant short-term psychological distress.
A Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH)-based research team has identified how a chromosomal abnormality known to be associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) -- the most common cancer in children -- initiates the disease process.
In the July 15th issue of G&D, Dr. Roberto Kolter (Harvard Medical School) and colleagues make the unprecedented observation of paracrine signaling during Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation.
Children raised in institutions are more likely to lag physically, socially, and cognitively, but little is known about what happens to children's brains when they live in institutions. Now a new study finds that placing institutionalized children in high-quality foster care may improve their brain activity.
BOSTON -- Earlier this year, a scientific team from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and the Broad Institute identified a class of RNA genes known as large intervening non-coding RNAs or "lincRNAs," a discovery that has pushed the field forward in understanding the roles of these molecules in many biological processes, including stem cell pluripotency, cell cycle regulation, and the innate immune response.
